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In this episode, my guest is Oded Rechavi, Ph.D., professor of neurobiology at Tel Aviv University and expert in how genes are inherited, how experiences shape genes and remarkably, how some memories of experiences can be passed via genes to offspring. We discuss his research challenging long-held tenets of genetic inheritance and the relevance of those findings to understanding key biological and psychological processes including metabolism, stress and trauma. He describes the history of the scientific exploration of the “heritability of acquired traits” and how epigenetics and RNA biology can account for some of the passage of certain experience-based memories. He discusses the importance of model organisms in scientific research and describes his work on how stressors and memories can be passed through small RNA molecules to multiple generations of offspring in ways that meaningfully affect their behavior. Nature vs. nurture is a commonly debated theme; Dr. Rechavi’s work represents a fundamental shift in our understanding of that debate, as well as genetic inheritance, brain function and evolution. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Oded Rechavi (00:02:25) Sponsor: LMNT (00:06:04) DNA, RNA, Protein; Somatic vs. Germ Cells (00:14:36) Lamarckian Evolution, Inheritance of Acquired Traits (00:22:54) Paul Kammerer & Toad Morphology (00:25:16) Sponsor: AG1 (00:30:06) James McConnell & Memory Transfer (00:37:31) Weismann Barrier; Epigenetics  (00:45:13) Epigenetic Reprogramming; Imprinted Genes  (00:50:43) Nature vs. Nurture; Epigenetics & Offspring (00:59:06) Generational Epigenetic Inheritance  (01:10:20) Model Organisms, C. elegans (01:21:50) C. elegans & Inheritance of Acquired Traits, Small RNAs (01:26:02) RNA Interference, C. elegans & Virus Immunity (01:34:13) RNA Amplification, Multi-Generational Effects (01:38:41) Response Duration & Environment (01:47:50) Generational Memory Transmission, RNA (01:59:36) Germ Cells & Behavior; Body Cues (02:04:48) Transmission of Sexual Choice (02:11:22) Fertility & Human Disease; 3-Parent In Vitro Fertilization (IVF); RNA Testing (02:17:56) Deliberate Cold Exposure, Learning & Memory (02:29:26) Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Momentous, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Welcome to a preview of the fourth Ask Me Anything (AMA) episode, part of the Huberman Lab Premium subscription. The Huberman Lab Premium subscription was launched for two main reasons. First, it was launched in order to raise support for the standard Huberman Lab podcast channel — which will continue to come out every Monday at zero-cost. Second, it was launched as a means to raise funds for important scientific research. A significant portion of proceeds from the Huberman Lab Premium subscription will fund human research (not animal models) selected by Dr. Huberman, with a dollar-for-dollar match from the Tiny Foundation. Subscribe to Huberman Lab Premium at https://hubermanlab.com/premium Timestamps (00:00:00) Introduction (00:01:27) How to achieve consistent state of motivation? [Martin Zokov] In the full AMA episode, we discuss: Are there neurological benefits from different types of body work? Are goals necessary for the growth mindset and how to set the best short and long-term goals for creativity? Is anxiety useful? Can it be controlled? Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

In this episode 6 of a 6-part series on fitness, exercise and performance with Andy Galpin, PhD, professor of kinesiology at California State University, Fullerton, he explains optimal nutrition, hydration and supplementation to achieve your fitness goals. We cover macronutrient guidelines, when to eat relative to training and training fasted versus fed. Dr. Galpin describes proper hydration for before and during exercise, how dehydration and/or low electrolyte concentrations impede physical and mental performance. He discusses what supplements work best for fitness and performance, how to decide which to take, if any, and when to take them. He also shares high-impact, lower-cost supplements and nutrition recommendations to benefit performance, recovery, and sleep. This episode also includes an audience Q&A. Overall, it is an in-depth but clear discussion of nutrition strategies and supplements that can help anyone improve their level of fitness physical and mental performance. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman Levels: https://levels.link/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://www.insidetracker.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Nutrition & Supplementation (00:05:16) Creatine Supplementation, Muscle & Cognitive Function, Loading Phase (00:16:51) Sponsors: Levels, LMNT (00:20:31) Dehydration, Overhydration, Night Urination (00:35:37) Tool: Hydration, Caffeine & Electrolytes (00:41:22) Tool: Sweating, Salt & Performance (00:48:57) Sponsor: AG1 (00:49:49) Galpin Equation for Hydration & Exercise, Focus (00:55:28) Tool: 5 Steps to Optimize Hydration, Sipping Water, W.U.T. Status, Salt (01:10:58) Electrolytes, Carbohydrates & Exercise (01:15:44) Sponsor: InsideTracker (01:16:47) Training Fasted versus Fed, Caffeine, Carbohydrate Timing (01:25:13) Caffeine & Endurance (01:31:20) Citrulline, Beet Root Juice & Performance; Alpha-GPC & Focus, Nootropics (01:35:43) Rhodiola, Cortisol & Fatigue (01:39:55) Tool: Supplement Formulations (01:47:31) Supplements, Dependency & Root Cause; Foundational Behaviors (01:57:44) Acute vs. Chronic Effects, Supplements & Gut Microbiome (02:02:33) Tool: Sleep Environment, Absolute Rest (02:11:03) Tools: Sleep & Disturbances, Inositol (02:20:03) Tool: “Fitness Fatigue” Model, Taper, Anti-Inflammatory Supplements (02:26:33) Exercise Recovery: Curcumin, Omega 3s, Glutamine, Nutrition, Vitamins (02:39:27) Intermittent Fasting, Training & Keto Diets; GABA (02:43:39) Carbohydrate Loading; Amino Acid Supplements; “Anabolic Window” (02:47:23) Garlic; Tart Cherry Extract; Examine.com (02:51:50) Fitness Testing, Training Programs; Exercise Recovery (03:04:13) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Neural Network Newsletter Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer